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 IL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family, which, in addition to IL-6, includes leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncosuppressor M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophic factor-1 (CT-1), cardiotrophic-like cytokine (CLC), neurotrophin (NPN/CT-2), IL-27, and IL-31.

IL-11 acts through the transmembrane glycoprotein β-subunit (GP130), which serves as a common receptor for all family members. Given this characteristic, IL-11 exhibits unique biological activities while also sharing functional overlap with all other members to some extent. However, within the family, only IL-11 and IL-6 utilize the GP130 subunit in the same dimeric complex. IL-11 signaling begins when the cytokine interacts with a specific membrane-bound α-receptor (IL-11Rα), which serves solely to bind the ligand. Subsequently, GP130 is recruited, and the GP130 subunits dimerize to form a hexameric complex. This hexameric complex activates downstream signaling pathways, leading to the activation of three major pathways, as with all members of the IL-6 family: the JAK/STAT pathway, the Ras/Raf/MAPKs signaling cascade, and the PI3K/AKT pathway.

      IL-11 is produced by a variety of cell types and has a wide range of activities, including the ability to stimulate thrombopoiesis and erythropoiesis, promote the production, differentiation, and maturation of megakaryocytes, and act synergistically with other hematopoietic growth factors. IL-11 has also been shown to possess immunomodulatory functions, such as regulating the differentiation and function of macrophages, inducing Th2 and/or Th17 polarization of CD4+ T cells, stimulating IgG production by B cells, and protecting endothelial cells from inflammation-related damage. Additionally, it regulates neurogenesis, promotes osteoclast development, inhibits adipogenesis, and modulates epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.

 The IL-11 Effector Reporter Cell model effectively mimics the in vivo signaling pathway of IL-11; the mechanism is illustrated in the figure below.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the IL-11 effector reporter cell model

Figure 2. Recombinant hIL11 Effector Reporter Cell stably expressing IL11R.

Figure 3. Dose Response of Recombinant Human IL-11 Protein in IL11 Effector Reporter Cell(C12).

Figure 4. Inhibition of rhIL11 induced Reporter Activity by IL11 Neutralization Ab in IL11 Effector Reporter Cell(C12).

Cell Resuscitation
1)Rapidly thaw the frozen cells in a 37 °C water bath for approximately 60 seconds. Once thawed (which may take slightly less or more than 60 seconds), immediately transfer the cell suspension from the cryovial into a 15 mL centrifuge tube containing 10 mL of pre-warmed  HEK293 Human IL11 Effector Reporter Cell complete culture medium.
2)Centrifuge cells at 1000 rpm for 5 min to remove medium, then resuspend cells in 5 mL of pre-warmed complete medium.
3)Transfer the cell suspension into a T25 culture flask and incubate at 37 °C with 5% CO₂.
4)After approximately 24–36 hours, replace the medium or passage the cells to remove non-adherent dead cells.

Subculturing procedure
1)When the cell density reaches the appropriate confluency for passaging, wash the cells with PBS, then add 1 mL trypsin to detach the cells. When more than 80% of the cells detach upon gently tapping the culture flask, add complete culture medium to terminate digestion. Gently pipette to obtain a single-cell suspension, transfer to a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes.

2)Discard supernatant after centrifugation. Resuspend cells in fresh medium to a single-cell suspension and transfer to a new culture flask for continued growth.

Cell Freezing
After trypsinization and centrifugation of cells from each T75 flask or 10 cm culture dish, discard the supernatant. Add 2 mL of cryopreservation medium (90% FBS + 10% DMSO), gently resuspend thoroughly, and aliquot into two cryovials. Immediately place the cryovials into a controlled-rate freezing container (e.g., Nalgene 5100-0001), fill with isopropanol to the indicated level, and store at −80 °C. After 24 hours, transfer the cryovials to liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.